direct and indirect speech

Direct And Indirect Speech Direct speech adalah kutipan asli suatu pembicaraan tanpa adanya suatu perubahan. Sedangkan indirect speech adalah bentuk kalimat laporan yang berguna untuk menceritakan kembali pembicaraan/pendapat seseorang yang mana mengalami modifikasi tertentu. Dibawah ini akan diberikan kepada anda materi direct-indirect speech secara lengkap. 1. Direct Speech Cara penulisan direct speech selalu diapit oleh tanda kutip,kalimat selalu di awali huruf capital. Tanda titik dua atau koma diletakkan sebelum direct speech bilamana kata penghubung/pelapor (reporting vern)-nya berada dimuka,dan tanda koma harus diletakkan setelah direct speech bilamana kata penghubung diletakkan setelah atau diantara direct speechnya. Tanda baca seperti tanda seru ,tanda Tanya yang menunjukkan jenis kalimat direct tidak mengalami perubahan. 2. Indirect Speech Ada dua jenis indirect speech : A. Imperative (request) Yang dilaporkan adalah suatu perintah. Karena kalimat perintah biasanya tidak mengenal subject,maka verb dalam direct imperative tidak mengalami perubahan. Verb dalam indirect menjadi ‘to invinitive’. Contoh 1 : Direct : He said to his servant,”Go away at once”. Indirect : He ordered his servant to go away at once. Contoh 2 : Direct : “Watch TV”. Indirect : He told me to watch TV. B. Declarative 1. Bila terdapat tenses maka penjabarannya sebagai berikut : • Simple present tense menjadi simple past tense Jika direct speech menggunakan simple present tense,maka indirect speech menggunakan simple past tense. Contoh : Direct : Sarah said “I buy my dictionary at the book store”. Indirect : Sarah said that she bought her dictionary at the book store. • Present continuous tense menjadi past continuous tense Jika direct speech menggunakan present continuous tense maka indirect speech menggunakan past continuous tense. Contoh : Direct : She said “I’m doing my English homework”. Indirect : She said that she was doing her English homework. • Present perfect tense menjadi past perfect tense Jika direct speech menggunakan present perfect tense maka indirect speech menggunakan past perfect tense. Contoh : Direct : John said”I have finished doing my reports”. Indirect : John said that he had finished doing his reports. • Present perfect continuous tense menjadi past perfect continuous tense Jika direct speech menggunakan present continuous tense maka indirect speech menggunakan past perfect continuous tense. Contoh : Direct : He said “We have been living here for three years”. Indirect : He said that they had been living there for three years. • Simple past tense menjadi past perfect tense Jika direct speech menggunakan simple past tense maka indirect speech menggunakan past perfect tense. Contoh : Direct : He said “I went to school yesterday”. Indirect : He said that he had gone to school the day before. • Future tense menjadi past future tense Jika direct speech menggunakan simple future tense maka indirect speech menggunakan past future tense. Contoh : Direct : Lisa said “We will leave for Singapore”. Indirect : Lisa said that they would leave for Singapore. • Past continuous tense menjadi past perfect continuous tense Jika direct speech menggunakan past continuous tense maka indirect speech menggunakan padt perfect continuous tense. Contoh : Direct : He said “I was reading an English novels”. Indirect : He said that he had been reading English novels. Kalimat pernyataan (statement) pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect) Perubahan direct menjadi indirect pada statement ditandai dengan ‘that’. Kalimat langsung yang reporting sentence-nya memiliki verb dalam bentuk present tense (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect atau future tense) maka tidak ada perubahan tenses pada reported sentence dalam bentuk tidak langsung (indirect). Ini biasanya terjadi apabila: 1. Melaporkan suatu percakapan yang masih berlangsung 2. Membaca surat dan melaporkan apa isi surat tersebut 3. Membaca perintah dan langsung melaporkannya pada waktu tersebut 4. Melaporkan pernyataan yang sering muncul Contoh: Direct • John (phoning from the station), “I’m trying to get a taxi.” • Siska says,” The sun rises every morning.” Indirect • John says that he is trying to get a taxi. • Siska says that the sun rises every morning.